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[size=4][b]How Contagious Bronchitis - is There a Treatment for Chronic Bronchitis[/b][/size][hr]
Quote:'Is There A Treatment For Chronic Bronchitis' this question is nagging you when there is uncertainty and doubt. For some individuals, bronchitis happens often. This is what is called chronic bronchitis. In these individuals, the bronchitis may not go away, but may lessen in its severity. When this happens, individuals need to be aware of it and seek the help that's needed as soon as possible.

[list][*]During your initial bouts of chronic bronchitis, your symptoms are the same as those that a person with acute bronchitis will face.[*]There is a heavy discharge of mucus from your coughing and the cough itself is a tell tale sign of chronic bronchitis.[*]Never be reluctant to admit that you don't know.[*]There is no one who knows everything.[*]So if you don't know much about Bronchitis Symptoms, all that has to be done is to read up on it! [*]From looking at your test results and listening to your lungs, your doctor will determine the right type of treatment for your condition.[*]Usually in cases of acute conditions, this treatment is simply rest and fluids.[/list]

These products have the goal of reducing the amount of inflammation in your air passageways as well as open them up to allow for better passage to your lungs. This type of medication can be vitally important to those suffering from asthma.

[list][*]Remember that you don't have to smoke yourself to be a victim of what smoke can do.[*]Just being exposed to it over long periods of time puts you at risk.[*]One thing that your doctor's will determine is if there is something else wrong that could possibly be causing your bronchitis in the first place.[*]Some will have additional conditions like asthma that can lead to this problem.[*]But, when there are no underlying causes, bronchitis can be labelled as the cause of your illness and then treated as such.[*]Variety is the spice of life.[*]So we have added as much variety as possible to this matter on Causes Bronchitis to make it's reading relevant, and interesting![/list]

Here are some facts you should know about chronic bronchitis. 1. COPD claims some 122,000 deaths each year in the US, as claimed by a study done in 2003. It is one of the leading causes of death. Every cloud has a silver lining; so consider that this article on Bronchitis to be the silver lining to the clouds of articles on Bronchitis. It is this article that will add more spice to the meaning of Bronchitis.

Those that suffer from chronic symptoms of bronchitis often develop asthma because of it. This is caused by the long term inflammation of your air passageways. In any case, it is essential that you get help from your doctor in dealing with your condition. Those that are suffering from chronic bronchitis have a very serious illness to consider. Did you ever believe that there was so much to learn about Chronic Bronchitis? Neither did we! Once we got to write this article, it seemed to be endless.

Female smokers are more likely to get COPD than men are. 4. If you are a victim of air pollution, second hand smoke, or have a history of infections of the respiratory system, you have an increased risk of getting COPD.

When you have a bronchitis bout, your bronchial tubes become inflamed and swollen. Each time that this happens, the lining of those tubes becomes scarred. Over time, the more irritation that happens the more excessive mucus production will become. Your tubes lining will become thickened because of the scarring.

[list][*]Chronic bronchitis is a serious health condition that can lead to or even tell you that there is something else wrong with the body.[*]For example, chronic bronchitis can be an indication that you are suffering from asthma or lung disorders.[*]In fact, those that do suffer from chronic bronchitis are more likely to end up with lung cancer than those that do not.[*]Lung cancer is one of the leader's in death among people that smoke for long periods of time.[*]We worked as diligently as an owl in producing this composition on Chronic Bronchitis Symptoms.[*]So only if you do read it, and appreciate its contents will we feel our efforts haven't gone in vain.[/list]

The largest risk factor in patients that get COPD is that of smoking. 80 to 90 percent of those that suffer from this condition will be smokers. 90 percent of them will die from it because they smoked. The best way of gaining knowledge about Chronic Bronchitis Condition is by reading as much about it as possible. This can be best done through the Internet.

You are experiencing wheezing and coughing, then it is likely you have acute bronchitis. You can tell by listening to your breathing, can you hear a wheezing sound every time you take a breath. Your bronchial tubes may be constricted which is causing the wheezing and coughing. Just make sure you take lots of fluids and rest, the disorder will usually clear up within a few days. Go ahead and read this article on Chronic Bronchitis Doctor. We would also appreciate it if you could give us an analysis on it for us to make any needed changes to it. Smile

Chronic bronchitis is also a condition which affects your quality of life. You can't do the things that you like to do without suffering from breathlessness. You cough all of the time and your chest hurts. You are sick to more extreme levels when a cold just brushes by others. There is sure to be a grin on your face once you get to read this article on Bronchitis. This is because you are sure to realize that all this matter is so obvious, you wonder how come you never got to know about it!

Those that suffer from chronic bronchitis start by having an inflammation of their bronchial tubes. These are your air passageways, remember and therefore are very important to be clear so that air can move easily in and out of them allowing you to breathe. The more readers we get to this writing on Symptoms Bronchitis, the more encouragement we get to produce similar, interesting articles for you to read. So read on and pass it to your friends.

19 percent of those that suffer from COPD will get it from their work environment. Those that suffer from chronic bronchitis start by having an inflammation of their bronchial tubes. These are your air passageways, remember and therefore are very important to be clear so that air can move easily in and out of them allowing you to breathe. Reading is a habit that has to be cultivated from a small age. Only if one has the habit of reading can one acquire more knowledge on things like Bronchitis Symptoms.

Your doctor determines that you have asthma, or that your chronic condition is likely to develop asthma, then he or she may recommend additional treatment for your condition. Those that are diagnosised with asthma will need an inhaler and sometimes additional asthma medications. It would be hopeless trying to get people who are not interested in knowing more about Bronchitis to read articles pertaining to it. Only people interested in Bronchitis will enjoy this article.

When you have a bronchitis bout, your bronchial tubes become inflamed and swollen. Each time that this happens, the lining of those tubes becomes scarred. Over time, the more irritation that happens the more excessive mucus production will become. Your tubes lining will become thickened because of the scarring.

[size=large][b]Health Screening[/b][/size][hr]Prevention and Disease control. The new "holistic health center" consists of different, completely holistic (entire body) oriented components: A) Fast, effective, pain-free and non-invasive diagnosis, B) Analyzing and immediate treatment of meridian blockages, C) Energy therapy for over 200 disease conditions including cancer, nerve- and bone related diseases, D) Health monitoring and effective prevention to avoid future disease manifestation.

[size=large][b]UROGENITAL SYSTEM DISEASES:[/b][/size][hr]Glomerulonephritis, acute and chronic nephritic syndrome, acute and chronic tubulointerstitial nephritis, acute and chronic pyelonephritis, reflux-uropathy, toxic nephropathy, hydronephrosis (without obstruction), urolithiasis, renal ischemia or infarction, acquired renal cyst, acute and chronic cystitis, neuromuscular dysfunction of the urinary bladder, urethritis, urinary tract infection without definite localization, enuresis; hyperplasia of the prostate, adenoma of the prostate, acute and chronic prostatitis, prostatocystitis, prostatic calculus, orchi-tis and epididimitis, balanopostitis, vascular disorders of male genital organs, certain forms of male sterility; mastopathia fibrocystica, mastitis, lactostasis, nipple cracks and fistulae; salpingitis and oophoritis, vulvovaginitis, incomplete vaginal prolapse, ovarial cysts, incorrectwomb positions, cervical erosion, myoma and fibromyoma, absence of menstruations, poor and rare menstruations, frequent, irregular menstruations, premenstrual syndrome, menstrual pains, early menopause, climacteric status, recurrent abortion, secondary female sterility.

Four ( complete professional therapy systems on a therapy bed will serve app. 32-50 people treatments per day. The capacity can be extended to 8 therapy systems and will serve more than 64 people treatments per day. The basic research of the PERTH therapy started in the early 1920's with Dr. Royal Rife (The end of all diseases), natural remedies explored 200 Russian researcher for the space program MIR in Russia and since 1994 the research is finalized by a well known German researcher and medical professional Prof. Dr. Werner. In cooperation with leading German universities Werner developed the cancer and bone therapy programs with proven results in 1000's of medical and clinical studies. You must have searched high and low for some matter for Acute Bronchitis, isn't it? That is the main reason we compiled this article for you to get that required matter!

Therapy suggestions are displayed with exact treatment points. One of the major advantages of the Meridian Diagnostic is the advantage to discover unknown Meridian Blockages in the system. When one or more meridian blockages exists the patient becomes Therapy Resistant, which means no therapy will have a sufficient effect. With the BioGraph meridian diagnostic system we are able not only to discover blockages furthermore we can treat and "delete" those blockages immediately. The patient turns from therapy resistant into therapy receptive. The therapy effects are re-established. It is not always that we just turn on the computer, and there is a page about Acute Bronchitis. We have written this article to let others know more about Acute Bronchitis through our resources. Smile

[size=large][b]Asthma, Allergies,[/b][/size][hr]- Burnout syndrome - Cancer, Leukemia - Heart diseases - Liver cirrhoses - Eye diseases (cataract) - Venous circulation disturbance (thrombosis, thrombophlebitis) Now while reading about Acute Bronchitis, don't you feel that you never knew so much existed about Acute Bronchitis? So much matter you never knew existed.

Meridian diagnostic is the core concept of efficient health analyzes. A computer based high tech measurement of the 12 main meridians and its correlated organs. It provides a complete energetically picture of a person displayed in an easy to read graphical format. The measuring points are ( on the fingers and ( on the toes. Overall biological energy levels, meridian balance, yin - yang, left - right, top - bottom organs, etc. is recorded and can be used for future therapy control (health screening). Writing about Bronchitis is an interesting writing assignment. There is no end to it, as there is so much to write about it!

Metabolic disturbances (normalization of fatty acid and pH values) - Diabetes in the elderly - Incontinence, bed wetting with children - Parkinson disease, multiple sclerosis, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), Keep your mind open to anything when reading about Bronchial Asthma. Opinions may differ, but it is the base of Bronchial Asthma that is important.

ENDOCRINE SYSTEM DISEASES, NUTRITIVE AND METABOLIC DISORDERS: Hypothyrosis, clinical manifestations of hyperthyrosis (thyro-toxicosis), diabetes mellitus, adrenal / ovarial / testicular dysfunction, local fat deposits, adiposis, bilirubin metabolism disturbances, mucoviscidosis. Accept the way things are in life. Only then will you be able to accept these points on Bronchial Asthma. Bronchial Asthma can be considered to be part and parcel of life.

[size=large][b]MENTAL and BEHAVIORAL DISORDERS:[/b][/size][hr]Acute alcoholic intoxication, abstinent delirium (delirium tre-mens) and abstinent status without delirium, symptomatic treatment of chronic alcoholism, depressive disorders, neurotic, stress induced and somatoformic disorders (tic, vegetative nervous system disorders, enuresis, logoneurosis, etc.), sleep-awake regimen disturbances of inorganic etiology, absence or loss of sexual libido, insufficiency of sexual reaction (impotence of inorganic origin), orgasmic dysfunction, mental retardation. Ignorance is bliss they say. However, do you find this practical when you read so much about Bronchitis Acute?

[size=large][b]DISEASES of the EYE and ITS ADNEXA:[/b][/size][hr]Hordeolum and chalazion, blepharitis, dacryocystitis, chronic inflammation of lacrimal ducts, acute and chronic conjunctivitis, keratoconjunctivitis, corneal scars and opacities, cataract, retinal breaks and detachment, diabetic retinopathy, open-angle glaucoma, optic neuritis, optic atrophy, squint, myopia (nearsightedness), hyperopia (including age-related), blindness and lowered vision, eye pain. Make the best use of life by learning and reading as much as possible. read about things unknown, and more about things known, like about Chronic Bronchitis.

[b]Virus infections, allergies, migraine and asthma - Tinnitus aurium (ear noises) and macular edema (retina damage) - Stress, sleep and digestive problems [/b]

[list][*]Energy levels over 50% reflect health, vitality, less aging, high immune system activity.[*]Energy levels under 50% reflect energy deficit, low immune system activity, disease condition, chronic diseases. [/list]

[size=large][b]Climatic Problems, Potency Problems[/b][/size][hr]- Rheumatic disease with chronic pains Indications are given in strict conformity with International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Health Problems of the 10th review, accepted by the 43rd World Health Assembly. You actually learn more about Bronchitis only with more reading on matters pertaining to it. So the more articles you read like this, the more you learn about Bronchitis.

Sport injuries, healing of wounds and bones, general regeneration of tissue - Chronic turbal catarrh resistant to treatment, tympanic effusion, inflammation of the middle ear life is short. Use it to its maximum by utilizing whatever knowledge it offers for knowledge is important for all walks of life. Even the crooks have to be intelligent!

[list][*]The new PRTH P5 professional treatment system is easy to use, non-invasive, pain free and highly effective for prevention and disease treatment.[*]The energy increase can be monitored with the Meridian Diagnosis immediately after a treatment session.[*]Whenever one reads any reading matter, it is vital that the person enjoys reading it.[*]One should grasp the meaning of the matter, only then can it be considered that the reading is complete. Big Grin[/list]

[size=large][b]RESPIRATORY ORGANS DISEASES:[/b][/size][hr]Acute nasopharyngitis (nasal cold), symptoms of allergic bronchitis, acute pharyngitis, acute tonsillitis (angina), acute laryngitis and tracheitis, chronic rhinitis, nasopharyngitis and pharyngitis, chronic sinusitis, chronic diseases of amygdalae and adenoids, chronic laryngotracheitis, diseases of vocal cords and larynx, acute obstructive laryngitis (croup), and epiglottitis, acute respiratory infections, viral and bacterial pneumoniae (inflammations of the lungs), acute bronchitis, acute bronchiolitis, recurrent and chronic bronchitis (obstructive and non-obstructive), bronchial asthma, bronchoectasiae, pneumoconiosis (occupational pulmonary diseases), pleurites, sarcoidosis, tuberculosis. Thinking of life without Bronchitis seem to be impossible to imagine. This is because Bronchitis can be applied in all situations of life.

DISEASES OF THE EAR AND MASTOID PROCESS: Acute and chronic external otitis, non-purulent of middle ear, perforation of the drum membrane, tympanosclerosis, neurosen-sory hypoacusis, ototoxic hypoacusis, pain in the ear. Just as a book shouldn't be judged by its cover, we wish you read this entire article on Acute Bronchitis before actually making a judgement about Acute Bronchitis. Smile

The second component in the Holistic Health Center is the world leading and cost efficient "Pulsating Energy Resonance Therapy" (PERTH) acc. to Prof. Dr. Werner (Germany).

[size=large][b]CIRCULATORY SYSTEM DISEASES:[/b][/size][hr]Essential (primary) arterial hypertension, hypertensive disease, arterial hypotony, ischemic heart disease, myocardial infarction, pericarditis, endocarditis, myocarditis, cardiomyopathy, cardiac arrest, paroxysmal tachycardia, intracerebra! hemorrhage, cerebral infarction, stroke, cerebral atherosclerosis, hypertensive encephalopathy, cardialgiae (pains in the cardiac region), cerebrovas-cular diseases sequelae, diffuse atherosclerosis, Raynaud's syndrome, narrowing (obliteration) of arterioles, varicosis, lymphadenitis, lymphoid edema, lymphangitis. We have tried to place the best definition about Bronchitis Acute in this article. This has taken a lot of time, but we only wish that the definition we gave suits your needs.

[size=large][b]SKIN and SUBCUTANEOUS FAT DISEASES:[/b][/size][hr]Skin abscess, furunculi and carbunculi, panaris, atopic dermatitis, seborrheic dermatitis, contact dermatitis, neurodermitis, psoriasis, Quincke's edema, burns (including sunburns), frostbite, focal alopecia (baldness), follicular cysts of the skin and subcutaneous fat, hyperhidrosis (sweating), vitiligo, callosities, atrophic skin lesions (trophic ulcers), hypertrophic skin lesions (keloid cicatrices), erysipelas. Whenever one reads any reading matter likeChronic Bronchitis, it is vital that the person enjoys reading it. One should grasp the meaning of the matter, only then can it be considered that its reading is complete.

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[size=medium][b]Chronic Bronchitis can be Disabling. Featured by Allergy Associates[/b][/size]



[size=large][b]Stabilization of Circulation[/b][/size][hr]- High and low blood pressure - Pulmonary emphysema - Osteoporosis - Radiant sickness - Acute and chronic nasal cavity sicknesses Chronic Bronchitis proved to be the foundation for the writing of this page. We have used all facts and definitions of Chronic Bronchitis to produce worthwhile reading material for you.
[size=4][b]Bronchitis Acid Reflux - Bronchitis Causes Symptoms Information With Treatment[/b][/size][hr]Bronchitis include a cough that produces mucus (sometimes called sputum), trouble breathing and a feeling of tightness in your chest. Acute bronchitis is most often caused by one of a number of viruses that can infect the respiratory tract and attack the bronchial tubes. Even one puff on a cigarette is enough to cause temporary paralysis of the tiny hair like structures in your lungs, called cilia , that are responsible for brushing out debris, irritants, and excess mucus. Chronic bronchitis is defined by the presence of a mucus-producing cough most days of the month, three months of a year for two successive years without other underlying disease to explain the cough. People who have chronic bronchitis are more susceptible to bacterial infections of the airway and lungs, like pneumonia. Pneumonia is more common among smokers and people who are exposed to secondhand smoke.

[list][*]The best treatment is to rest, drink plenty of fluids, and use an over-the-counter medicine to treat the pain and fever.[*]People with chronic bronchitis should stop smoking and avoid second-hand smoke. [*]Acute bronchitis is usually caused by a viral infection but can also be caused by a bacterial infection.[*]Use of drugs.[*]Symptoms of Bronchitis Slang is one thing that has not been included in this composition on Acute Bronchitis.[*]It is because slang only induces bad English, and loses the value of English.[/list]

[size=large][b]Some Symptoms of Bronchitis:[/b][/size][hr]Vibration in chest when breathing Fatigue and/or malaise Headache Shortness of breath Wheezing We needed lots of concentration while writing on Bronchitis Medicines as the matter we had collected was very specific and important.

Some cases, the doctor will recommend using a medicine called a bronchodilator that makes breathing easier. Persistent symptoms and more severe disease are treated with anti-inflammatory medicines called steroids (of the glucocorticoid type) which are given with an inhaler. The magnitude of information available on Bronchitis Often can be found out by reading the following matter on Bronchitis Often. We ourselves were surprised at the amount! Wink

[size=large][b]Causes of Bronchitis[/b][/size][hr]The common Causes of Bronchitis : The most common cause of chronic bronchitis is smoking. Heredity. Weather changes. Writing this composition on Acute Bronchitis was a significant contribution of ours in the world of literature. Make this contribution worthwhile by using it.

Quote:[b]Medicines called mucolytics which thin or loosen mucus in the airways, making it easier to cough up can also be used to treat chronic bronchitis.[/b]

Mild fever Coldness Chills Mild chest pains Treatment of Bronchitis Medicines called bronchodilators that are usually prescribed to treat asthma will help to open the bronchial tubes and clear out mucus. Maintaining the value of Bronchitis Symptoms was the main reason for writing this article. Only in this way will the future know how to recognize bronchitis symptoms.

Bronchitis is a disease which affects many people and has affected one person at least once in a lifetime. Until now doctors have been prescribing antibiotics for bronchitis but researchers have proven that antibiotics are not so necessary in treating this condition and using them frequently only helps drug resistance to develop.

As every year more than 10 million patients are treated in the emergency room for bronchitis with antibiotics, a group of researchers decided to see whether antibiotics like azithromycin are effective and really useful in treating bronchitis. The study was multicenter, randomized, and double-blind. A lot of imagination is required in writing. People may think that writing on Treating Bronchitis is very easy; on the contrary, knowledge and imagination has to be merged to create an interesting composition. Big Grin.

Studies have to be done in order to see whether antibiotic treatment is really necessary in these patients who suffer of bronchitis or it can be used only in severe cases. The idea is to avoid using antibiotics in excess as multi drug resistance can develop and soon the doctors will not be able to treat as common infection due to a lack of active antibiotics. This article has been written with the intention of showing some illumination to the meaning of Chronic Bronchitis Exacerbation. This is so that those who don't know much about Chronic Bronchitis Exacerbation can learn more about it. Big Grin.

Patients who have chronic bronchitis an exacerbation of the symptoms which contain purulent sputum seems to be worse than in those who have mucoid sputum. These symptoms can be managed easily and will disappear by the end of day five if treatment is followed exactly. It would be hopeless trying to get people who are not interested in knowing more about Chronic Bronchitis Exacerbation to read articles pertaining to it. Only people interested in Chronic Bronchitis Exacerbation will enjoy this article. Wink

[list][*]Besides the drug-based on treatment the patient should know that rest and well hydration are essential for a quick recovery.[*]Fever is treated with ASA and acetaminophen.[*]Because bronchitis gives cough the patient should take antitussive medication like: chlophedianol, levopropoxyphene, dextromethorphan, and codeine.[*]They will act upon the medullary cough center and will suppress the cough reflex.[*]In case the patient coughs and has bronchial secretions which have to be expelled the doctor will prescribe expectorants.[*]They are decreasing the viscosity of the secretions helping them to be expelled better when coughing.[*]In the composition of expectorants iodides, ammonium chloride, terpin hydrate, syrup of ipecac, guaifenesin, and even creosote can be found.[*]In some cases acacia, glycerin, honey, or an extract of Prunus can be added to the composition of the expectorant.[*]The length of an article is rather immaterial about its response from people.[*]People are more interested in the matter about Chronic Bronchitis, and not length.[/list]

448 patients which presented cough with or without sputum were taken in consideration for this study. From the whole group, 340 were diagnosed with bronchitis, and 220 met the criteria for randomization. In the end189 patients completed the study. From these 189 patients, 97 received 250 mg/day of azithromycin, and 92 received 250 mg/day of vitamin C. Besides these two medications dextromethorphan syrup and an albuterol inhaler were also given to the patients who used them every 6 hours as needed. At 3 and 7 days the cough symptoms and limitations on activity were assessed. At the end of the study the researchers concluded that no statistical differences existed between the two groups. This means that antibiotic treatment is not so necessary for the cases of bronchitis and antitussive medication and beta2-agonists are the only ones who are really worth to be taken along with keeping a good hydration.

The fluoroquinolones are a relatively new group of antibiotics. Fluoroquinolones were first introduced in 1986, but they are really modified quinolones, a class of antibiotics, whose accidental discovery occurred in the early 1960.

Conditions treated with Fluoroquinolones: indications and uses The newer fluoroquinolones have a wider clinical use and a broader spectrum of antibacterial activity including gram-positive and gram-negative aerobic and anaerobic organisms. Some of the newer fluoroquinolones have an important role in the treatment of community-acquired pneumonia and intra-abdominal infections. The serum elimination half-life of the fluoroquinolones range from 3 -20 hours, allowing for once or twice daily dosing. It was at the spur of the moment that we ventured to write something about Chronic Bronchitis. Such is the amount of matter that is available on Chronic Bronchitis.

Urinary tract infections (norfloxacin, lomefloxacin, enoxacin, ofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, gatifloxacin, trovafloxacin) Lower respiratory tract infections (lomefloxacin, ofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, trovafloxacin) Skin and skin-structure infections (ofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, trovafloxacin) Urethral and cervical gonococcal infections (norfloxacin, enoxacin, ofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, gatifloxacin, trovafloxacin) Prostatitis (norfloxacin, ofloxacin, trovafloxacin) Acute sinusitis (ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, gatifloxacin, moxifloxacin (Avelox), trovafloxacin) Acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis (levofloxacin, sparfloxacin (Zagam), gatifloxacin, moxifloxacin, trovafloxacin) Community-acquired pneumonia (levofloxacin, sparfloxacin, gatifloxacin, moxifloxacin, trovafloxacin) We have written a humorous anecdote on Bronchitis to make it's reading more enjoyable and interesting to you. This way you learn there is a funny side to Bronchitis too!

[size=large][b]Classification of Fluoroquinolones[/b][/size][hr]As a group, the fluoroquinolones have excellent in vitro activity against a wide range of both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. The newest fluoroquinolones have enhanced activity against gram-positive bacteria with only a minimal decrease in activity against gram-negative bacteria. Their expanded gram-positive activity is especially important because it includes significant activity against Streptococcus pneumoniae.

[size=large][b]Gastrointestinal Effects[/b][/size][hr]The most common adverse events experienced with fluoroquinolone administration are gastrointestinal (nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, constipation, and abdominal pain), which occur in 1 to 5% of patients. CNS effects. Headache, dizziness, and drowsiness have been reported with all fluoroquinolones. Insomnia was reported in 3-7% of patients with ofloxacin. Severe CNS effects, including seizures, have been reported in patients receiving trovafloxacin. Seizures may develop within 3 to 4 days of therapy but resolve with drug discontinuation. Although seizures are infrequent, fluoroquinolones should be avoided in patients with a history of convulsion, cerebral trauma, or anoxia. No seizures have been reported with levofloxacin, moxifloxacin, gatifloxacin, and gemifloxacin. With the older non-fluorinated quinolones neurotoxic symptoms such as dizziness occurred in about 50% of the patients. Phototoxicity. Exposure to ultraviolet A rays from direct or indirect sunlight should be avoided during treatment and several days (5 days with sparfloxacin) after the use of the drug. The degree of phototoxic potential of fluoroquinolones is as follows: lomefloxacin > sparfloxacin > ciprofloxacin > norfloxacin = ofloxacin = levofloxacin = gatifloxacin = moxifloxacin. Musculoskeletal effects. Concern about the development of musculoskeletal effects, evident in animal studies, has led to the contraindication of fluoroquinolones for routine use in children and in women who are pregnant or lactating. Tendon damage (tendinitis and tendon rupture). Although fluoroquinolone-related tendinitis generally resolves within one week of discontinuation of therapy, spontaneous ruptures have been reported as long as nine months after cessation of fluoroquinolone use. Potential risk factors for tendinopathy include age >50 years, male gender, and concomitant use of corticosteroids. Hepatoxicity. Trovafloxacin use has been associated with rare liver damage, which prompted the withdrawal of the oral preparations from the U.S. market. However, the IV preparation is still available for treatment of infections so serious that the benefits outweigh the risks. Cardiovascular effects. The newer quinolones have been found to produce additional toxicities to the heart that were not found with the older compounds. Evidence suggests that sparfloxacin and grepafloxacin may have the most cardiotoxic potential. Hypoglycemia/Hyperglycemia. Recently, rare cases of hypoglycemia have been reported with gatifloxacin and ciprofloxacin in patients also receiving oral diabetic medications, primarily sulfonylureas. Although hypoglycemia has been reported with other fluoroquinolones (levofloxacin and moxifloxacin), the effects have been mild. Hypersensitivity. Hypersensitivity reactions occur only occasionally during quinolone therapy and are generally mild to moderate in severity, and usually resolve after treatment is stopped.

Because of their expanded antimicrobial spectrum, third-generation fluoroquinolones are useful in the treatment of community-acquired pneumonia, acute sinusitis and acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis, which are their primary FDA-labeled indications. The third-generation fluoroquinolones include levofloxacin, gatifloxacin, moxifloxacin and sparfloxacin. We were furnished with so many points to include while writing about Bronchitis that we were actually lost as to which to use and which to discard! :o.

Second-generation agents include ciprofloxacin, enoxacin, lomefloxacin, norfloxacin and ofloxacin. Ciprofloxacin is the most potent fluoroquinolone against P. aeruginosa. Ciprofloxacin and ofloxacin are the most widely used second-generation quinolones because of their availability in oral and intravenous formulations and their broad set of FDA-labeled indications. The results of one reading this composition is a good understanding on the topic of Bronchitis. So do go ahead and read this to learn more about Bronchitis.


[size=medium][b]Chronic Bronchitis Symptoms[/b][/size]
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[i]Because of concern about hepatotoxicity, trovafloxacin therapy should be reserved for life- or limb-threatening infections requiring inpatient treatment (hospital or long-term care facility), and the drug should be taken for no longer than 14 days.[/i]

The fluoroquinolones are a family of synthetic, broad-spectrum antibacterial agents with bactericidal activity. The parent of the group is nalidixic acid, discovered in 1962 by Lescher and colleagues. The first fluoroquinolones were widely used because they were the only orally administered agents available for the treatment of serious infections caused by gram-negative organisms, including Pseudomonas species. Sometimes, what we hear about Bronchitis can prove to be rather hilarious and illogical. This is why we have introduced this side of Bronchitis to you.

[size=large][b]Second Generation[/b][/size][hr]The second-generation fluoroquinolones have increased gram-negative activity, as well as some gram-positive and atypical pathogen coverage. Compared with first-generation quinolones, these drugs have broader clinical applications in the treatment of complicated urinary tract infections and pyelonephritis, sexually transmitted diseases, selected pneumonias and skin infections.

The newer fluoroquinolones have a wider clinical use and a broader spectrum of antibacterial activity including gram-positive and gram-negative aerobic and anaerobic organisms. Some of the newer fluoroquinolones have an important role in the treatment of community-acquired pneumonia and intra-abdominal infections.

[size=large][b]Side Effects[/b][/size][hr]The fluoroquinolones as a class are generally well tolerated. Most adverse effects are mild in severity, self-limited, and rarely result in treatment discontinuation. However, they can have serious adverse effects. Writing an article on Chronic Bronchitis was our foremost priority while thinking of a topic to write on. This is because Chronic Bronchitis are interesting parts of our lives, and are needed by us.

[size=large][b]Fluoroquinolones Advantages:[/b][/size][hr]Ease of administration Daily or twice daily dosing Excellent oral absorption Excellent tissue penetration Prolonged half-lives Significant entry into phagocytic cells Efficacy Overall safety Remember that it is very important to have a disciplined mode of writing when writing. This is because it is difficult to complete something started if there is no discipline in writing especially when writing on Bronchitis.

All of the fluoroquinolones are effective in treating urinary tract infections caused by susceptible organisms. They are the first-line treatment of acute uncomplicated cystitis in patients who cannot tolerate sulfonamides or TMP, who live in geographic areas with known resistance > 10% to 20% to TMP-SMX, or who have risk factors for such resistance. It is only through sheer determination that we were able to complete this composition on Bronchitis. Determination, and regular time table for writing helps in writing essays, reports and articles.

[size=large][b]Third Generation[/b][/size][hr]The third-generation fluoroquinolones are separated into a third class because of their expanded activity against gram-positive organisms, particularly penicillin-sensitive and penicillin-resistant S. pneumoniae, and atypical pathogens such as Mycoplasma pneumoniae and Chlamydia pneumoniae. Although the third-generation agents retain broad gram-negative coverage, they are less active than ciprofloxacin against Pseudomonas species.

[size=large][b]First Generation[/b][/size][hr]The first-generation agents include cinoxacin and nalidixic acid, which are the oldest and least often used quinolones. These drugs had poor systemic distribution and limited activity and were used primarily for gram-negative urinary tract infections. Cinoxacin and nalidixic acid require more frequent dosing than the newer quinolones, and they are more susceptible to the development of bacterial resistance. There is a lot of jargon connected with Bronchitis. However, we have eliminated the difficult ones, and only used the ones understood by everyone. Wink

[size=large][b]Fourth Generation[/b][/size][hr]The fourth-generation fluoroquinolones add significant antimicrobial activity against anaerobes while maintaining the gram-positive and gram-negative activity of the third-generation drugs. They also retain activity against Pseudomonas species comparable to that of ciprofloxacin. The fourth-generation fluoroquinolones include trovafloxacin (Trovan). It is only because that we are rather fluent on the subject of Chronic Bronchitis that we have ventured on writing something so influential on Chronic Bronchitis like this!

[size=large][b]Fluoroquinolones Disadvantages:[/b][/size][hr]Tendonitis or tendon rupture Multiple drug interactions Not used in children Newer quinolones produce additional toxicities to the heart that were not found with the older agents Although there was a lot of fluctuation in the writing styles of we independent writers, we have come up with an end product on Chronic Bronchitis worth reading!